A Call for Targeted Attention on Education for the Urban Poor, Education inputs in Tanzania’s urban informal settlements
Tanzania, 2022
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Reference ID
DDI-TZA-APHRC-UEG-2023-v01
Producer(s)
African Population and Health Research Center
Created on
Jun 12, 2025
Last modified
Jun 13, 2025
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Identification
Survey ID Number
DDI-TZA-APHRC-UEG-2023-v01
Title
A Call for Targeted Attention on Education for the Urban Poor, Education inputs in Tanzania’s urban informal settlements
Subtitle
Education inputs in Tanzania’s urban informal settlements
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tanzania | TZA |
Study type
Cross sectional study
Unit of Analysis
Individuals and Households, Institutions
Version
Version Date
2023-11-24
Scope
Notes
HOUSEHOLD: Household membership, characteristics, socio-economic characteristics, food security, houshold poverty well being, household schedule.
INDIVIDUALS SCHOOLING: schooling information for individuals (3-19)years, type of school enrolled, participation in preschool
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT: parental perception of student schooling experience, homework support, feeding and costs of schooling, parental understanding of education as a right
INSTITUTIONAL: school type, staff information, fees
INDIVIDUALS SCHOOLING: schooling information for individuals (3-19)years, type of school enrolled, participation in preschool
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT: parental perception of student schooling experience, homework support, feeding and costs of schooling, parental understanding of education as a right
INSTITUTIONAL: school type, staff information, fees
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Urban informal settlements in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma
Universe
The survey covered households with school going children aged 3 to 19 years in selceted urban informal settlements in Dar esr Salaam and Dodoma
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| African Population and Health Research Center |
Producers
| Name |
|---|
| HakiElimu |
| Ministry of Education, Sports and Technology |
| National Bureau of Statistics |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
A sample of 1,200 households and 2,593 children aged 3 to 19 years was randomly selected through proportional allocation by region, ward, street, household head sex and age category.
The initial stage involved the listing of eligible households in the selected informal settlements. The initial criteria used was to ensure the household had at least one child who was aged 3-19 years. The listing exercise adopted a systematic approach: Starting from the furthest point of the enumeration areas, research assistants identified and listed the first eligible households. They would then skip to the fifth household. If the fifth household was not eligible, they would move to the next until they identified an eligible one. As a result, 3,567 households with 7,742 children aged 3-19 years were reached.
Using the data obtained from listing as a sampling frame, a sample of 1,200 households and 2,593 children aged 3 to 19 years was randomly selected through proportional allocation by region, ward, street, household head sex and age category. The household sample size was designed to allow estimation of key schooling indicators. The following indicators were considered in estimating the minimum sample size: enrollment, out of school, and attendance and primary and secondary school intake rates.
We utilised primary school net enrolment rate of 81.33%2 (World Bank 2018) for it gives the highest sample size.Besides, we made the following assumptions i) a design effect of 1.5 ii) average number of people aged between 3 and 19 years per household as two; iii) a 5% level of significance, which corresponds to 1.96 critical value for the standard normal distribution corresponding to a Type I error); and iv) a 5% margin of error respectively. The minimum estimated sample size was 2,389 children aged 3-19 years from 1,195 households after adjusting for a 90% response rate. The sample stratified proportionately between the two study sides based on their population and thereafter, randomly sampled households to participate in the study based on the listing.
The initial stage involved the listing of eligible households in the selected informal settlements. The initial criteria used was to ensure the household had at least one child who was aged 3-19 years. The listing exercise adopted a systematic approach: Starting from the furthest point of the enumeration areas, research assistants identified and listed the first eligible households. They would then skip to the fifth household. If the fifth household was not eligible, they would move to the next until they identified an eligible one. As a result, 3,567 households with 7,742 children aged 3-19 years were reached.
Using the data obtained from listing as a sampling frame, a sample of 1,200 households and 2,593 children aged 3 to 19 years was randomly selected through proportional allocation by region, ward, street, household head sex and age category. The household sample size was designed to allow estimation of key schooling indicators. The following indicators were considered in estimating the minimum sample size: enrollment, out of school, and attendance and primary and secondary school intake rates.
We utilised primary school net enrolment rate of 81.33%2 (World Bank 2018) for it gives the highest sample size.Besides, we made the following assumptions i) a design effect of 1.5 ii) average number of people aged between 3 and 19 years per household as two; iii) a 5% level of significance, which corresponds to 1.96 critical value for the standard normal distribution corresponding to a Type I error); and iv) a 5% margin of error respectively. The minimum estimated sample size was 2,389 children aged 3-19 years from 1,195 households after adjusting for a 90% response rate. The sample stratified proportionately between the two study sides based on their population and thereafter, randomly sampled households to participate in the study based on the listing.
Deviations from the Sample Design
The minimum estimated sample size was 2,389 children aged 3-19 years from 1,195 households after adjusting for a 90% response rate.
Response Rate
90%
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-10-03 | 2022-10-08 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Interviewing was conducted by a team of 45 interviewers.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Household Questionnaire included household membership and their characteristics , social-economic characteristics, including food security, household shocks, household poverty well-being, and household schedule.
The individual schooling history questionnaire included detailed schooling information about individuals aged between 3 and 19 years, which consist of schooling information (enrolment, type of school enrolled, participation in preschool among others) for the year (2022), and 5 years retrospectively based on the age of the child.
The parental or guardian involment questionnaire helped sought information on parental involvement in their children's schooling including homework support, details of last schooling year(s), parental perception of student schooling experience, feeding and costs of schooling.
The institutional questionnaire contains information on institutional heads, staff and fees.
The individual schooling history questionnaire included detailed schooling information about individuals aged between 3 and 19 years, which consist of schooling information (enrolment, type of school enrolled, participation in preschool among others) for the year (2022), and 5 years retrospectively based on the age of the child.
The parental or guardian involment questionnaire helped sought information on parental involvement in their children's schooling including homework support, details of last schooling year(s), parental perception of student schooling experience, feeding and costs of schooling.
The institutional questionnaire contains information on institutional heads, staff and fees.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data quality assessments continued during the data collection period by assessing for consistency of the responses as well as comparing data collected by field workers against spot check data collected by the senior research team and field supervisors.
Upon data collection completion, data were rigorously checked for consistency and outliers.
Data cleaning was carried out using Stata v.17.0.
Upon data collection completion, data were rigorously checked for consistency and outliers.
Data cleaning was carried out using Stata v.17.0.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The following assumptions were made i) a design effect of 1.5 ii) average number of people aged between 3 and 19 years per household as two; iii) a 5% level of significance, which corresponds to 1.96 critical value for the standard normal distribution corresponding to a Type I error); and iv) a 5% margin of error respectively.
Therefore, the minimum estimated sample size was 2,389 children aged 3-19 years from 1,195 households after adjusting for a 90% response rate.
Therefore, the minimum estimated sample size was 2,389 children aged 3-19 years from 1,195 households after adjusting for a 90% response rate.
Access policy
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Access authority
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| African Population and Health Research Center | datarequests@aphrc.org | www.aphrc.org |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
APHRC ©, 2023
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-TZA-APHRC-UEG-2023-v01
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| African Population and Health Research Center | APHRC | Project Implementation |
| HakiElimu | Project Implementation |
Date of Metadata Production
2023-10
DDI Document version
Version 1.0(October,2023)