Getting Girls Back to School: The 4Ts (Trace, Track, Talk and reTurn} Initiative
Kenya, 2021
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PopulationCouncil011
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Population Council
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Feb 19, 2024
Last modified
Feb 19, 2024
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Identification
Survey ID Number
PopulationCouncil011
Title
Getting Girls Back to School: The 4Ts (Trace, Track, Talk and reTurn} Initiative
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Kenya | KE |
Abstract
The 4Ts (Trace, Track, Talk and reTurn) Initiative, is a modified version of a community outreach intervention developed by PC Kenya in collaboration with the Homa Bay County Department of Education, Ministry of Education (MoE) in 2019 to strengthen an ongoing media campaign intervention to foster the re-entry of pregnant/parenting girls into school. It involves tracking or identifying pregnant/parenting girls who dropped out of school by liaising with school heads; tracing such girls down to the household level in collaboration village chiefs; talking to girls, their families, and school heads about Kenya's school re-entry policy, the benefits of education, and the fact that the government welcomes their re-entry into school; and involving high-level government officials in monitoring girls' actual return to school via field visits during which spot checks and learning conversations occur.
The 4Ts was implemented in Narok and Homa Bay counties between May and August 2021. A total of 1,424 out-of-school girls (773 in Homa Bay and 651 in Narok) and their families were reached with important school re-entry policy information. About 30 percent (n=426) re-entered school (despite the pregnancy/parenting status of the vast majority), about 54 percent (n=769) of out-of-school girls reached with school re-entry messages indicated that they were planning to re-enter school during the project period, while 16 percent were not planning to go back to school. The success of the 4Ts can be attributed to several factors, namely, involvement of national, county, and local education officials in a coordinated effort; using existing MOE structures; and parental engagement. Long-term solutions to addressing the negative impacts of the COVID-19 on access to education for marginalized girls can benefit from harnessing nationally-led initiatives.
The 4Ts was implemented in Narok and Homa Bay counties between May and August 2021. A total of 1,424 out-of-school girls (773 in Homa Bay and 651 in Narok) and their families were reached with important school re-entry policy information. About 30 percent (n=426) re-entered school (despite the pregnancy/parenting status of the vast majority), about 54 percent (n=769) of out-of-school girls reached with school re-entry messages indicated that they were planning to re-enter school during the project period, while 16 percent were not planning to go back to school. The success of the 4Ts can be attributed to several factors, namely, involvement of national, county, and local education officials in a coordinated effort; using existing MOE structures; and parental engagement. Long-term solutions to addressing the negative impacts of the COVID-19 on access to education for marginalized girls can benefit from harnessing nationally-led initiatives.
Unit of Analysis
Out-of-School girls, Parents and Headteachers
Version
Version Date
2021
Scope
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Track, Trace, Talk, and reTurn |
| Competency-Based Curriculum |
| Pregnant or Parenting Girls |
| School-Based Teachers Support |
| Re-entry, Drop-Out |
| Girls |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Homabay and Narok counties
Universe
The study targeted all out-of-school girls irrespective of the reason for being away from school. The 4Ts was implemented in Narok and Homa Bay counties between May and August 2021.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| Population Council |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| George Odwe | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Chi-Chi Undie | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Ann Gachoya | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Truphena Kirongo | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Fredrick Kiiru | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Jane Njogu | Co-Principal Investigator |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Wellspring Philanthropic Fund | WPF | Funder |
| Echidna Giving | Funder |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mr. Benard Kimachas | Teachers Service Commission (TSC), Narok County | Supporting the 4Ts intervention. |
| Ms. Grace Amira | TSC, Homa Bay County | Supporting the 4Ts intervention. |
| Millicent Nyabunga | Homa Bay County | Coordinating and monitoring the intervention activities in Homa Bay County |
| Robert Moseti | Narok County | coordinating and monitoring the intervention activities in Narok County |
| Sub-County Directors of Education teams | Narok and Homa Bay Counties | Their roles in the implementation of the 4Ts initiative |
| Curriculum Support Officers | Narok and Homa Bay Counties | Their roles in the implementation of the 4Ts initiative |
| Headteachers | Narok and Homa Bay Counties | Their roles in the implementation of the 4Ts initiative |
| Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs and Village Elders | Narok and Homa Bay Counties | Their roles in the implementation of the 4Ts initiative |
| Tom Saria | Intervention coordinator | |
| Carol Olela | Intervention coordinator | |
| Wesley Onsongo | Intervention coordinator | |
| Wilkister Ombidi | Intervention coordinator | |
| Janet Munyasya | Intervention coordinator |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The actual tracking, tracing and monitoring was conducted over a 3-month period from May to July in Homa Bay and from June to August in Narok. A monitoring tool was used to capture information on every out-of-school girl reached by the 4Ts intervention teams. Specifically, the monitoring tool captured information on out-of-school girls' location (sub-county, zone, village); details (name and, age), parent/guardian's details (name and mobile contact); the main reason for being out-of-school (i.e., pregnant/parenting, lack of childcare, marriage, sick or taking care of sick parent and lack of school fees); and whether the main reason for being out-of-school come about as a result of the pandemic. In addition, the monitoring form captured information on girls' school re-entry status (i.e., whether they had re-entered, were planning to re-enter, or were not planning to re-enter school) for girls who dropped out of school due to pregnancy or parenting, as well as the CSO's contacts.
Similar to the 4Ts phase I, back-to-school campaign messages targeting out-of-school girls and their parents or guardians were developed and used to facilitate dialogue between CSOs, out-of-school girls and their parents or guardians. The main message acronym 'SCHOOL' was meant to help pass a clear, memorable message about unconditional school-re-entry opportunities for all out-of-school children.
Fieldwork assessment led by a team from the Ministry of Education (Directorate of Policy, Partnerships and EAC Affairs) was conducted in Narok county from 2nd to 6th August 2021. The fieldwork monitoring aimed at tracking 4Ts implementation progress by verifying successful school re-entry of girls reached by the 4TS intervention, and documenting opportunities and challenges that might influence scale-up of the 4Ts initiative. The team conducted a spot-check in a sample of 9 schools spread across Narok County. In Homa Bay county, the monitoring was led by the County Department of Education officials in collaboration with 2 Council-affiliated intervention coordinators. Fieldwork monitoring was conducted using a monitoring form that captured information on availability of school re-entry policy guidelines, mechanisms/systems within the school setting that would support school re-entry of pregnant and parenting girls, and the process of re-integrating back to school girls who got pregnant during the long break from education occasioned by Covid-19 pandemic
Similar to the 4Ts phase I, back-to-school campaign messages targeting out-of-school girls and their parents or guardians were developed and used to facilitate dialogue between CSOs, out-of-school girls and their parents or guardians. The main message acronym 'SCHOOL' was meant to help pass a clear, memorable message about unconditional school-re-entry opportunities for all out-of-school children.
Fieldwork assessment led by a team from the Ministry of Education (Directorate of Policy, Partnerships and EAC Affairs) was conducted in Narok county from 2nd to 6th August 2021. The fieldwork monitoring aimed at tracking 4Ts implementation progress by verifying successful school re-entry of girls reached by the 4TS intervention, and documenting opportunities and challenges that might influence scale-up of the 4Ts initiative. The team conducted a spot-check in a sample of 9 schools spread across Narok County. In Homa Bay county, the monitoring was led by the County Department of Education officials in collaboration with 2 Council-affiliated intervention coordinators. Fieldwork monitoring was conducted using a monitoring form that captured information on availability of school re-entry policy guidelines, mechanisms/systems within the school setting that would support school re-entry of pregnant and parenting girls, and the process of re-integrating back to school girls who got pregnant during the long break from education occasioned by Covid-19 pandemic
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-06 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Two monitoring tools were used to track and trace girls who had dropped out of school. One monitoring tool was used to capture information on every out-of-school girl reached by the 4Ts intervention teams. Specifically, the monitoring tool captured information on out-of-school girls' location (sub-county, zone, village); details (name and, age), parent/guardian's details (name and mobile contact); the main reason for being out-of-school (i.e., pregnant/parenting, lack of childcare, marriage, sick or taking care of sick parent and lack of school fees); and whether the main reason for being out-of-school come about as a result of the pandemic. In addition, the monitoring form captured information on girls' school re-entry status (i.e., whether they had re-entered, were planning to re-enter, or were not planning to re-enter school) for girls who dropped out of school due to pregnancy or parenting, as well as the CSO's contacts.
Another field monitoring tool for headteachers was also used during field monitoring of the 4Ts program. This tool helped guide monitoring teams to track successful school re-entry of pregnant or parenting girls following the implementation of the 4Ts initiative. The tool was completed one form for each school visited. Before visiting a school, one 4Ts monitoring tool was selected (completed by a Curriculum Support Officer [CSO] with details of a pregnant or parenting girl who has re-entered that school.)
Another field monitoring tool for headteachers was also used during field monitoring of the 4Ts program. This tool helped guide monitoring teams to track successful school re-entry of pregnant or parenting girls following the implementation of the 4Ts initiative. The tool was completed one form for each school visited. Before visiting a school, one 4Ts monitoring tool was selected (completed by a Curriculum Support Officer [CSO] with details of a pregnant or parenting girl who has re-entered that school.)
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data for this report were obtained from the CSOs' monitoring dataset, the field assessment dataset and the intervention coordinators' weekly reports, as well as field notes. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency and percentages) methods, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Access policy
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Access authority
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Population Council | datarequests@aphrc.org | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
Copyright © PopulationCouncil, 2024
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
PopulationCouncil011
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Population Council | PopCouncil | Data producer |
| African Population & Health Research Centre | APHRC | Meta Data Producer |
Date of Metadata Production
2022-09-14
DDI Document version
version 1.1